For almost every other compound, the solid state is denser than the liquid state thus, the solid would sink to the bottom of the liquid. For example, although the sight of ice cubes floating in a glass of ice water is commonplace, such behaviour is unusual for chemical entities. © American Chemical Society ( A Britannica Publishing Partner) See all videos for this articleĪlthough the molecules of water are simple in structure (H 2O), the physical and chemical properties of the compound are extraordinarily complicated, and they are not typical of most substances found on Earth. In small quantities water appears colourless, but water actually has an intrinsic blue colour caused by slight absorption of light at red wavelengths.Īn overview of the chemical structure of water molecules. Water also exists on other planets and moons both within and beyond the solar system. Life is believed to have originated in the aqueous solutions of the world’s oceans, and living organisms depend on aqueous solutions, such as blood and digestive juices, for biological processes. Indeed, the versatility of water as a solvent is essential to living organisms. A tasteless and odourless liquid at room temperature, it has the important ability to dissolve many other substances. It is one of the most plentiful and essential of compounds. Water, a substance composed of the chemical elements hydrogen and oxygen and existing in gaseous, liquid, and solid states. When ice melts in the spring, the slowly warming surface meltwater sinks, displacing the water below and mixing nutrients throughout the water column. Lakes and rivers rarely freeze completely, and the liquid water below can become a winter refuge for aquatic life.
Ice, water’s solid phase, is more buoyant, so it forms at the surface of water bodies and freezes downward. Water’s density is greatest at about 4 ☌ (39.2 ☏), in the liquid phase.
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